It appears that we are in the L448 SNP.....
I would like to try and help those that do not understand what some of this means concerning Y-DNA, what it is and how it is used.
For those of you that do not know or are interested every male has y-dna. It is called y-dna because every male has the y chromosome, the y chromosome is what determines if you are a male. When a child is conceived his father either passes to the child a y chromosome or not. If not the child gets the mothers X chromosome and thus the child is female. If the child receives a Y chromosome from the father the child is male. So, if you are a male then you received your sex and the y chromosome from your father. This is the exact Y chromosome that your father received from his father thus making your father a male and passing to him his Y chromosome. This same Y chromosome is passed from every male to every son going back to Adam. The same can be said for the X chromosome and going back to Eve. I don't know the technical stuff behind it but the Y chromosome is more unique than the X therefore it allows for more specific testing and tracing. Since Adam throughout and time there have become slight differences in the Y chromosome. This is why there are several different groups called haplogroups. R1a and R1b are two different haplogroups and the two that make up the majority of everyone tested with the Tucker surname. At each one of these splits throughout time there is a difference in the Y chromosome making it unique from all others. With deeper testing and more research that is being done in this area we are able to find more and more of these unique differences. This is why we have all the different, various Tucker groups like CCC, TTT the Maryland group and others. We all have the same surname and in theory the same genetic great, great, great, great (all the way back to Adam) common ancestor, but in more recent times we are not genetically the same. Because of these unique differences researchers are able to group the people with the same Y-dna together into the various haplogroups. Since we are mainly R1a and R1b, each one of these two groups can be broken down even further for example the in R1a we have the CCC and TTT groups and in R1b we have most of the other Tucker groups. Because the split of R1a and R1b happened so long ago those in R1a and R1b do not have a "recent" common ancestor. R1a and R1b are used as classification to differentiate the two groups, just as TTT and CCC are used to differentiate these two different groups. I will use R1a as an example. You can think of R1a as the root, the common most ancestor of everyone who is R1a. Just like R1a and R1b split at some point R1a also split among itself. The long name for each of these splits goes along this classification: R1a, R1a1, R1a1a, R1a1aX, R1a1aXX and so on. Not to get confusing the researchers started calling each split a SNP with a simpler label such as L664 which is in long name R1a1aXXX. If you will look at the chart that Bill provided you will each one of these splits as labeled by the "SNP". Researchers are starting to be able to lump people with the same genetic markers or y-dna into these different SNP's starting at the top one, R1a and on down. Every time there is a split it creates a new SNP or a new "branch" of R1a. They are using people's y-dna testing along with their associated "paper trails" and known ethnic group migration paths to determine migration paths and known places or areas of origin of that one common ancestor each of these splits or SNP's are assiocated with. If you look at Bill's map you can see that L448 has been split from Z284 and Z284 has been split from Z283, and Z283 has been split from Z645 which was split from M417 which was split from M198 which is the root R1a SNP. Going one step further, L176 has been split from L448. When your y-dna is tested it is analyzed and then compared to other y-dna testers and you are put into the group you match. Sometimes deeper testing needs to be done in order to determine if you are in one of the "downstream" SNP's like L664 or L448. Again, if you look at the chart you can see where each division was made. At each division researchers are able to estimate around the time and general area the split was made. This is wonderful for genealogy! Because of this we can start to see migration patterns and compare that with what we already know by more recent history. If you look at the maps provided by the links Bill sent, you can get an idea of where the ancestors of those tested were at at the time of their known births and you can see that in many cases the other testers furthest known ancestor was born in the same general area. A split can occur when a y-dna marker changes and this usually correlates to a migration. Look at L448 for example, L448 appears to be Scandinavian however we see a branch broken off from it, L176. L176 is L448 with a slight genetic difference and almost all of the L176 testers ancestor came from Scotland. Hence this is the migration path of the Scandinavians from Scandinavia to Scotland back around 800AD - 1080AD. The researchers are constantly finding new findings and discovery's and are always trying to breakdown each SNP further to find the split. When you find the split you find another clue. L664 needs to be broken down further as it is to "generic" at the moment and I am sure it will be in time. Once it is the CCC group which is L664 will be able to further define their origin and migration path. I hope this makes sense and please correct me if I am wrong as I am learning this stuff as I go. |
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February 2016
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